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Izmde Dva ERDA:Economic Recovery and Development Activity
Expanding Economic Opportunities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Izmde Dva ERDA The Economic Recovery and Development Activity (ERDA) in Pakistan, backed by USAID, focuses on expanding environmentally sustainable and socially equitable economic opportunities.
With a $24 million budget over five years (2021-2026), ERDA aims to create climate-resilient economic opportunities in the Newly Merged Districts (NMDs) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).
In my experience working with development projects, sustainable growth and equitable opportunities play crucial roles in community upliftment. ERDA’s approach aligns well with this philosophy.
The program focuses on strengthening and modernizing the agriculture sector while promoting on-farm and off-farm micro-enterprises and small enterprises (MSEs).
Supporting Agriculture and MSMEs
One of ERDA’s primary goals is to support Pakistan’s Country Development Cooperation Strategy (CDCS) for 2018-2023.
Under Development Objective 1 (DO 1), the initiative aims to expand the writ of the Government in AF/PAK border areas and achieve Intermediate Result (IR) 1.3, which focuses on expanding economic opportunities linked to the government.
Through targeted technical assistance and promoting sustainable practices, ERDA seeks to improve the agriculture sector’s capacity and support allied MSMEs and non-agriculture sectors.
My personal involvement in such projects has shown that a focus on both agriculture and allied sectors can lead to a holistic growth pattern, benefiting both rural and urban communities.
Leveraging Public Sector Initiatives
Izmde Dva ERDA:Economic Recovery and Development Activity ERDA leverages planned public sector development initiatives to support policy reforms that create an enabling environment for private sector investments.
This strategy targets sectors with high economic growth potential, such as mines, trade, transport, health, and education.
I have always found that involving the private sector can significantly boost the impact and reach of development projects.
Complementing Government Initiatives
The program complements the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa’s (GoKP) planned economic growth investments under the Tribal Decade Strategy (TDS).
Specifically, it aligns with Pillar III, which focuses on expanding economic infrastructure, and Pillar IV, which aims to enhance economic opportunities.
My experience has taught me that aligning project goals with government strategies can maximize the impact and ensure long-term sustainability.
Creating a Foundation for Sustainable Growth
By providing targeted technical assistance to GoKP, ERDA maximizes the impact of planned public sector economic growth initiatives in the NMDs.
This approach lays a foundation for sustainable economic growth in the region. I have seen firsthand how targeted assistance can empower local governments to drive economic growth effectively.
Promoting Inclusive Growth
ERDA also contributes to Development Objective 3 (DO 3), which aims to increase inclusive economic growth of the private sector.
By creating an enabling environment for private sector investments, the program supports high economic-growth potential sectors, fostering an inclusive growth model.
In my career, I have observed that inclusive growth not only benefits the economy, but also ensures social stability and equity.
Policy Reforms and Technical Assistance
Izmde Dva ERDA:Economic Recovery and Development Activity The program supports policy reforms to facilitate private sector investments in sectors with high economic growth potential.
It provides targeted technical assistance to GoKP, ensuring that public sector economic growth initiatives have a maximum impact on the NMDs.
Through my work, I have learned that combining policy reforms with technical assistance can create a conducive environment for sustainable development.
Enhancing Economic Opportunities
ERDA focuses on enhancing economic opportunities through targeted technical assistance and leveraging planned public sector development initiatives.
This approach aims to support policy reforms, creating an environment conducive to private sector investments in high-growth sectors.
My experience has shown that targeted assistance and policy reforms are key to sustainable economic growth.
Impact on Local Communities
The program’s impact on local communities is significant, as it aims to create a foundation for sustainable economic growth in the NMDs.
By supporting both agriculture and allied MSMEs, ERDA ensures a comprehensive growth strategy that benefits various sectors of the economy.
I believe a multifaceted approach is essential for achieving long-term development goals.
ERDA’s strategies include promoting sustainable economic growth, improving agriculture sector capacity, and supporting allied MSMEs and non-agriculture sectors.
It leverages public sector development initiatives to support policy reforms, creating an enabling environment for private sector investments.
The program complements GoKP’s planned economic growth investments under the TDS, focusing on expanding economic infrastructure and enhancing economic opportunities.
Overall, ERDA’s comprehensive approach aligns with my belief in sustainable and inclusive economic growth. By supporting both agriculture and allied sectors, leveraging public sector initiatives, and promoting policy reforms, the program aims to create a foundation for sustainable development in the Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
World Agencies Reports
Several world agencies have lauded ERDA’s efforts to facilitate sustainable development in the region.
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) acknowledges ERDA’s role in aligning its initiatives with global sustainable development goals, particularly in promoting economic growth and enhancing resilience in underserved areas.
Moreover, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) similarly recognized the program’s success in creating a conducive environment for private enterprises and, consequently, fostering local economic stability.
International Community
Izmde Dva ERDA:Economic Recovery and Development Activity These global acknowledgments underscore the international community’s recognition of ERDA’s impactful and transformative work in the NMDs.
Looking towards the future, I am confident that ERDA’s efforts will continue to drive sustainable economic growth and create opportunities for all members of the community.
By prioritizing inclusive growth and leveraging public sector initiatives, the program is well-positioned to support long-term development in the region.
And as a development professional, I am committed to continuing my work with ERDA and other organizations to create positive change in underserved areas.
Together, we can build a more equitable and prosperous future for all communities around the world.
References:
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (n.d.). Supporting Sustainable Economic Growth in Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Retrieved from https://www.pk.undp.org/content/pakistan/en/home/projects/supporting-sustainable-economic-growth-in-newly-merged-districts.html
- Asian Development Bank (ADB). (n.d.). Improving Resilience and Economic Growth in the Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan – Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/363186/38343-pak-fs.pdf* 3. United Nations General Assembly (2020). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1.
- World Bank Group. (n.d.). Pakistan Economic Update: Achieving Growth through Inclusive and Sustainable Development. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan/publication/pakistan-economic-update-achieving-growth-through-inclusive-and-sustainable-development.* 4. The World Bank. (2021). Toward a sustainable recovery in Pakistan’s Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (NMDKP). Retrieved fromhttps://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/01/12/toward-a-sustainable-recovery-in-pakistans-newly-merged-districts-of-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-nmdkp* 5. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2021). Supporting the Sustainable Economic Growth in Newly Merged Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Retrieved from https://www.pk.undp.org/content/pakistan/en/home/projects/supporting-sustainable-economic-growth-in-newly-merged-districts.html
6.World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). World health statistics 2020: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240005105* 7. Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2020). Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2020. Retrieved from
https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/657026/adk-2020.pdf* 8. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2019). The state of food security and nutrition in the world
2019: safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/ca5162en/ca5162en.pdf*.
The success of ERDA’s initiatives has also been recognized at the national level, with the Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (GoKP) acknowledging its contributions towards achieving long-term development goals in the NMDs. As a result,
FAQ
What is ERDA?
ERDA, or the Economic Revival and Development Approach, is a strategic program focused on fostering sustainable economic growth in the Newly Merged Districts (NMDs) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
It aims to improve the capacity of the agriculture sector and support Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) alongside non-agriculture industries.
How does ERDA support local communities?
ERDA impacts local communities by implementing policies that promote sustainable economic development.
It provides support through agriculture enhancement, MSME assistance, and creating an environment conducive to private sector investments.
These efforts aim to uplift local economies and improve quality of life in the region.
What organizations acknowledge ERDA’s efforts?
Several world agencies have recognized ERDA, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), for aligning its initiatives with global sustainable development goals.
The recognition emphasizes ERDA’s role in driving economic growth and facilitating resilience in underserved areas.
How can individuals contribute to ERDA’s mission?
Individuals can contribute by participating in local development activities organized under ERDA’s umbrella, supporting local enterprises, or collaborating with organizations committed to community development in the NMDs.
Furthermore, engaging in awareness programs and actively providing feedback on various initiatives are effective ways to Contribute to Izmde. Dva ERDA:Economic Recovery and Development Activity article has ended here.
Joint custody is a child custody arrangement
what is joint custody: Joint custody is a child custody arrangement where both parents share responsibilities and decision-making for their child’s upbringing after separation or divorce. This collaborative approach ensures that the child maintains a meaningful relationship with both parents, which can be beneficial for their overall development.
Types of Joint Custody
- Joint Legal Custody:
- In this arrangement, both parents share the authority to make significant decisions about the child’s life, including education, healthcare, and religious upbringing. This means that both parents must collaborate and agree on major aspects of the child’s welfare.
- Joint Physical Custody:
- Also known as shared parenting, this setup involves the child spending substantial time living with both parents. The time spent with each parent doesn’t have to be exactly equal but should be significant enough to ensure the child has a continuing relationship with both.
Advantages of Joint Custody
- Child’s Well-being:
- Studies suggest that children in joint custody arrangements often experience better emotional and psychological health compared to those in sole custody. They tend to have higher self-esteem, perform better academically, and exhibit fewer behavioral problems.
- Parental Involvement:
- Joint custody encourages both parents to remain actively involved in their child’s life, fostering stronger parent-child relationships and ensuring that parental responsibilities are shared.
Challenges of Joint Custody
- Logistical Issues:
- Coordinating schedules, managing transportation between homes, and maintaining consistency can be challenging, especially if parents live far apart.
- Parental Conflict:
- For joint custody to be effective, parents need to communicate and cooperate effectively. High levels of conflict between parents can negatively impact the child’s well-being.
Recent Developments
In May 2024, Japan introduced a significant amendment to its Civil Code, allowing joint parental custody in divorce cases for the first time. This change, set to take effect in 2026, marks a departure from Japan’s traditional sole custody system, aiming to enable both parents to contribute to their child’s upbringing post-divorce. However, the amendment has sparked debate, with concerns about its implications for victims of domestic abuse.
Summary
Joint custody offers a framework for both parents to remain actively involved in their child’s life post-separation. While it presents certain challenges, especially regarding coordination and potential conflicts, the benefits to the child’s overall well-being and development can be substantial. It’s essential for parents considering joint custody to communicate effectively and prioritize their child’s best interests.
Recent Developments in Joint Custody Laws
Le Monde
-/ – Associated Press
Japan passes a revised law allowing joint child custody for divorced parents for the first time
219 days ago
Sources
Recent Developments in Joint Custody Laws: Country-Wise Descriptions
1. Japan
Japan made a groundbreaking amendment to its Civil Code in May 2024, introducing joint custody for divorced parents for the first time. The law, set to take effect in 2026, marks a significant departure from Japan’s traditional sole custody system. This change is expected to allow both parents to share responsibilities for their children post-divorce, although it has sparked debates, particularly regarding cases involving domestic violence.
2. United States
Several U.S. states have recently taken steps to favor joint custody as the default arrangement in divorce cases. Kentucky and Arkansas, for example, have passed laws establishing a legal presumption of equal parenting time, emphasizing the importance of both parents in a child’s life. These reforms aim to reduce litigation and promote cooperation between parents.
3. Canada
The Divorce Act was amended in 2021 to emphasize the best interests of the child as the primary consideration in custody decisions. These changes encourage shared parenting arrangements wherever feasible and promote cooperation between parents while ensuring the child’s safety and well-being.
4. India
India is currently reviewing proposals to introduce joint custody as part of its family law reforms. While joint custody is not yet widely practiced, courts have increasingly started advocating for shared parenting to ensure children maintain relationships with both parents. Legislative changes are still under discussion.
5. Australia
In 2023, the Australian government introduced the Family Law Amendment Bill, which seeks to update custody laws. The proposed changes focus on prioritizing child safety while promoting cooperative parenting wherever possible. This reform aims to strike a balance between shared parenting and protecting vulnerable children.
6. United Kingdom
While joint custody is already a common practice in the UK, recent discussions have focused on ensuring equal shared parenting time where appropriate. Courts are increasingly emphasizing the child’s right to maintain meaningful relationships with both parents post-divorce.
7. France
France has long embraced joint custody as the default arrangement in divorce cases. Recent discussions have centered on introducing more flexibility in custody arrangements, particularly in cases involving work schedules or relocation issues.
8. Sweden
Sweden remains a global leader in shared parenting laws. Joint custody is the standard practice, even in high-conflict divorce cases. The country’s legal framework emphasizes the child’s best interests while encouraging both parents to actively participate in their upbringing.
9. Germany
In 2023, a German court ruling reinforced the principle that joint custody aligns with the best interests of the child. This decision is expected to influence future cases, promoting shared parenting as the preferred arrangement in custody disputes.
10. South Korea
Discussions on introducing joint custody have gained momentum in South Korea. Historically, sole custody has been the norm, but recent debates highlight the benefits of shared parenting. Legislative changes are under review, with a focus on modernizing family laws.
These developments reflect a global shift towards prioritizing shared parenting arrangements, ensuring both parents remain actively involved in their child’s life post-divorce. While implementation varies by country, the emphasis remains on the child’s best interests and well-being.
A Guide for Citizens and Visitors
Best Vacation Spots in the US: The United States is a treasure trove of vacation destinations, offering an incredible variety of landscapes, cultures, and experiences. Whether you are a U.S. citizen exploring your own backyard or a traveler from abroad looking to immerse yourself in the American experience, there’s something for everyone. Here are some of the best vacation spots in the U.S. to consider for your next adventure.
1. New York City, New York
For a city that never sleeps, New York is a must-visit destination. Home to iconic landmarks like Times Square, the Statue of Liberty, and Central Park, the city offers a vibrant mix of culture, cuisine, and entertainment. Don’t miss the Broadway shows, world-class museums like the MET, and the bustling neighborhoods like SoHo and Williamsburg.
- Ideal For: Culture enthusiasts, foodies, and urban adventurers.
- Pro Tip: Visit during spring or fall to enjoy pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
2. Grand Canyon, Arizona
This natural wonder is awe-inspiring and a perfect destination for nature lovers. Hike along the South Rim, take a helicopter tour for breathtaking views, or raft down the Colorado River for an unforgettable adventure.
- Ideal For: Outdoor enthusiasts and families.
- Pro Tip: Sunrise and sunset offer the most stunning views.
3. Honolulu, Hawaii
Experience the tropical paradise of Hawaii’s capital city. From the famous Waikiki Beach to the historic Pearl Harbor sites, Honolulu is a blend of relaxation and cultural heritage.
- Ideal For: Beach lovers, surfers, and history buffs.
- Pro Tip: Explore nearby attractions like Diamond Head and Hanauma Bay for snorkeling.
4. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming/Montana/Idaho
America’s first national park is a wonderland of geysers, hot springs, and diverse wildlife. Old Faithful and the Grand Prismatic Spring are must-sees, but the park also offers incredible hiking and camping opportunities.
- Ideal For: Nature lovers and adventure seekers.
- Pro Tip: Visit during late spring or early fall to avoid the summer crowds.
5. New Orleans, Louisiana
Known for its vibrant culture, jazz music, and Creole cuisine, New Orleans is a city like no other. The French Quarter, Bourbon Street, and Mardi Gras are just the beginning of what this lively city has to offer.
- Ideal For: Music lovers, food enthusiasts, and partygoers.
- Pro Tip: Visit in April for the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.
6. San Francisco, California
Famous for the Golden Gate Bridge, Alcatraz Island, and its eclectic neighborhoods, San Francisco offers a mix of natural beauty and urban charm. Explore Fisherman’s Wharf, ride the iconic cable cars, and take a day trip to wine country.
- Ideal For: Couples, families, and solo travelers.
- Pro Tip: Bring layers; the weather can change quickly.
7. Orlando, Florida
Orlando is a family-friendly destination that promises fun for all ages. Home to Walt Disney World, Universal Studios, and SeaWorld, it’s the ultimate spot for theme park enthusiasts.
- Ideal For: Families and thrill-seekers.
- Pro Tip: Plan your visit during weekdays to avoid long lines.
8. Las Vegas, Nevada
The entertainment capital of the world, Las Vegas is known for its vibrant nightlife, luxurious resorts, and world-class dining. Beyond the casinos, visitors can explore nearby attractions like the Hoover Dam and Red Rock Canyon.
- Ideal For: Nightlife enthusiasts and luxury travelers.
- Pro Tip: Check out the free shows like the Bellagio Fountains.
9. Charleston, South Carolina
This charming Southern city is known for its historic architecture, cobblestone streets, and warm hospitality. Visit the historic plantations, enjoy a carriage ride, and indulge in delicious Lowcountry cuisine.
- Ideal For: History buffs and couples.
- Pro Tip: Springtime offers beautiful blooms and pleasant weather.
10. Anchorage, Alaska
Best Vacation Spots in the US: For a taste of the wild, Anchorage is the gateway to Alaska’s rugged beauty. Experience glaciers, wildlife, and stunning mountain views. Don’t miss a cruise through the Kenai Fjords or a visit to Denali National Park.
- Ideal For: Adventure seekers and nature lovers.
- Pro Tip: Summer offers extended daylight hours to explore more.
The United States offers a rich tapestry of experiences, making it a top destination for travelers from all walks of life. Whether you’re looking for thrilling adventures, serene landscapes, or cultural immersion, the perfect vacation spot awaits you. Start planning your journey today!
The History of Google: From a Research Project to a Global Giant
History of Google vision, and adaptability. Here’s a deep dive into the history of Google, its evolution, and its impact on the digital age.
Early Beginnings: The Birth of Google
Google was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, both Stanford University graduate students. The pair met in 1995 when Larry was considering attending Stanford for his PhD and was introduced to Sergey, who was already a student. They began working together on a search engine project as part of Larry’s doctoral thesis.
Initially, the duo worked on a project called BackRub, which used a novel algorithm to rank web pages based on the number and quality of links pointing to them. This was a departure from the keyword-based search algorithms that were common at the time. They quickly realized the potential of this idea, which led to the creation of Google.
The name “Google” is a play on the word “googol,” which refers to the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, symbolizing the founders’ mission to organize an immense amount of information on the web.
The Early Growth: Launch and Expansion
Google’s first public release was in 1998, when it was still in beta and running on the Stanford University servers. The search engine quickly gained popularity due to its cleaner, faster interface and more relevant search results. By 1999, the company moved into a garage in Menlo Park, California, which is often considered Google’s official startup base.
In 2000, Google introduced its AdWords program, which allowed businesses to advertise on Google’s search results. This program became the backbone of Google’s revenue model, allowing the company to scale its operations rapidly.
Becoming a Household Name: IPO and Global Expansion
Google’s exponential growth continued in the early 2000s. The company expanded its range of services, including the introduction of Gmail in 2004, which revolutionized email with its 1GB storage and the use of an innovative conversation-based interface.
In 2004, Google went public, with its Initial Public Offering (IPO) raising nearly $2 billion. The stock price skyrocketed, and Google became a publicly traded company. This marked a pivotal moment in the company’s journey, solidifying its place in Silicon Valley’s elite tech companies.
After the IPO, Google continued to expand by acquiring other companies. In 2006, it acquired YouTube, further broadening its scope to video sharing. Over the next few years, Google acquired several other companies, including Android Inc. in 2005, which led to the development of the Android operating system—a key player in the mobile revolution.
The Google Era: Dominance and Innovation
In the following years, Google expanded into various markets, including cloud computing, hardware, and artificial intelligence. The company launched products like Google Maps, Google Drive, and Google Chrome, which have become central to everyday internet usage.
In 2015, Google reorganized itself under a new parent company called Alphabet Inc., with Google becoming its largest subsidiary. This restructuring allowed the company to focus on its core business while also exploring new ventures, including life sciences and autonomous vehicles through its various “Other Bets.”
Google also made strides in AI and machine learning with products like Google Assistant, Google Translate, and Google Cloud AI. The company’s algorithms are integral to billions of searches, and its AI-based technologies continue to drive innovation in numerous industries.
Controversies and Challenges
While Google’s success is undeniable, the company has also faced numerous controversies. Critics have raised concerns about issues such as privacy, monopoly, and censorship. Google has been involved in various antitrust investigations, particularly in the United States and Europe, over its dominance in the search engine market and its handling of user data.
The Future of Google
As of today, Google is an omnipresent force in the digital world, with products and services that touch nearly every aspect of modern life. The company’s search engine remains the most widely used globally, while innovations in AI, cloud computing, and self-driving technology position it to continue its growth for years to come.
Summary
From its humble beginnings as a university research project to a global technology leader, Google has dramatically transformed the way we interact with information. Its expansion into new markets and innovations in AI, search technology, and cloud services suggest that Google’s journey is far from over.
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